Misconception:
Jihad Means Holy War
The Truth
Jihad primarily refers to striving for self-improvement, resisting evil, and upholding justice. Armed struggle (qital) is permitted only for defense under strict conditions.
Explanation:
The word “jihad” means “struggle” and encompasses spiritual, moral, and social efforts to live righteously. The Quran describes jihad as striving in Allah’s cause:
- “And those who strive for Us – We will surely guide them to Our ways.” (Surah Al-Ankabut, 29:69)
The Prophet ﷺ identified spiritual jihad as the highest form:
- “The best jihad is to strive against your own soul (nafs) for the sake of Allah.” (Sunan Ibn Majah, Hadith 4261)
Military jihad (qital) is defensive and restricted to protecting the community from oppression, ensuring no harm to civilians or the environment:
- “And if they incline to peace, then incline to it also...” (Surah Al-Anfal, 8:61)
Explanation:
- In the Old Testament, battles like Joshua’s conquest of Canaan were framed as struggles for survival and divine justice.
- Christian Crusades used the term “holy war” to justify military campaigns in the name of religion, though modern interpretations emphasize spiritual struggle over physical conflict.
